Textile Floor│Textile general knowledge for Fabric Manufacturing technology

GK for Fabric manufacturing
1.  What is knitting? 
Ans. It is the process of producing fabric by transferring continuous yarns into interlocking loops, each row of loop hanging from the one immediately preceding it.

2.  How many sets of yarn are used in knitting? 
Ans. One set (warp or weft).

3.  How many sets of yarn are used in weaving? 
Ans. Two sets (warp and weft).

4.  Is sizing required in knitted fabric? 
Ans. No.

5.  What is weaving? 
Ans. the process of interlacing two sets of yarns namely warp and weft, at right angle to make a fabric, according to design.

6.  Write down the types/ classification of knitting. 
Ans. Two types,

I) warp knitting & II) weft knitting.

7.  Is yarn preparation is needed in knitting?    Ans.  No.

8.     Is  knitting fabric produce by inter looping?   Ans. Yes.

9.     Is weaving fabric produce by interlacing?    Ans. Yes.

10.   In which knitting, a fabric is produce by single yarn?

Ans. Weft knitting.

11.  What is face loop?

Ans. The loop where heads are below and hanks are above is called face loop.

12.    What is back loop?

Ans. The loop where heads are above and hanks are below is called back loop.

13.  What is the basic knitted structure?

Ans. I) single jersey or plain

ii) 1x1 rib

iii) 1x1 inter lock

iv) 1x1 purl.

14.  Write down the weft knitting elements.

Ans. (i) Needle

  (ii) Sinker

  (iii) Cam

15.     Write down the types of needle.

Ans. (i) Latch needle

  (ii) Bearded needle

  (iii) Compound needle

16.            Write down the types of knit wear.

Ans. (I) cut and sew knit wear (ii) fully fashion knit wear.

17.            Write down the basic stitches of knitting structure.

Ans. (i) knit stitch

  (ii) Miss/ float stitch

  (iii) Tuck stitch

18.            How can you identify single jersey fabric?

 Ans. In single jersey fabrics, all face loops are present in one side and all back loops are present in other side of the fabric.

19.            How can you identify double jersey fabric?

Ans. In double jersey fabrics, face & back loops are present in every side of the fabric.

20.            The size of held loop is always bigger than knit loop (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

21.            Write down the warp knitting elements.

Ans. (i) Needle

(ii) Cam

(iii) Sinker

(iv) Guide.

22.            Needle individually works in which knitting?

Ans. Weft knitting m/c.

23.            Needles work unitedly in warp knitting (yes/no).        Ans. Yes.

24.            What is pitch?

Ans. The distance between one needle and another.

25.            Technical face and back is of same in rib structure (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

26.            What is a coarse?

Ans. A coarse is a predominantly horizontal row of needle loops.

27.            What is a walse?

Ans. A walse is a predominantly vertical column of intermeshed needle loops.

28.            what is the first type of needle?

Ans. Bearded needle.

29.            What is the problem of bearded needle?

Ans. Presser bar is used as closing elements.

30.            What is the function of sinker that performed?

Ans. (i) loop formation (ii) holding down( iii) knocking over.

31.            What is cam?

Ans. Cams are the devices which convert the rotary machine drive into a suitable reciprocating action for the needles or other elements.

32.            Write down the types of cam.

Ans. i. engineering cam,

ii. Knitting cam.

33.            What is needle loop?

Ans. The needle loop is the basic unit of knitted structure.

34.            Write down the types of clearing cam.

Ans. i. knit cam,

ii. Tuck cam,

iii. Miss cam

35.            What is the basic knitting action of a needle?

Ans. i. rest position,

ii. Opening,

iii. Clearing,

iv. Yarn feeding

v. Landing,

vi. Knock over.

36.            What is held loop?

Ans. A held loop is an old loop that the needle has retained

37.            Where the interlock fabrics are used?

Ans. Under garments clothing.

38.            Inter lock has the technical face of plain fabric on both side (yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

39.            In interlock fabric, reverse or back loop is not seen (yes/no).   Ans. Yes.

40.    Technical face & back is of different in single Jersey fabric (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

41.    What do you mean by GSM?

Ans. Gram per square meter.

42.    What do you mean by oz/sq. yd?

Ans. Ounce per square yard.

43.    Where GSM is used?

Ans. The term GSM is popularly used in knitted industry because buying & selling are done on the basis of weight of the fabrics.

44.    What is the GSM range for finer fabrics?        Ans.        Below 150

45.    What is the meaning of CVC & PC/TC?

Ans. CVC = Chief value of cotton (i.e. cotton more than 50%)

           PC/TC=Polyester&Cotton / Tetron&Cotton (i.e.polyester more than 50%)

46.    Write down the formula to determine the GSM.

Ans.

47.    Write down the process sequence of textile industry? 
Ans:

52. What types of loops produce in knitting?

Ans. Interlocking or Interlooping loops.

53. Weft knitting produce in which form?       

Ans. Tubular form.

54. In which/loop, shanks are above and heads are below?      

Ans. Face loop.

55. What is sinker loop?

 Ans. The loop that joins two adjacent needle loop.

56. What is the basic unit of knitted structure?

Ans. Stitch/loop

57. Legs or shanks are below and heads are above in back loop (Yes/No).

Ans. Yes.

58. In where alternate face and back loops produced by two sets needle?

Ans. Rib structure.

59. In interlock fabric, is back loop invisible?

Ans. Yes.

60. Which is the only movable cam in the cam box?

Ans. Stitch cam.

61. What is the principal element of knitting m/c?

Ans. Needle.

62. What fabric produced by adhesive and punching?

Ans. Non-woven fabric.

63. Write the process sequence of woven fabric production?

Ans. (A) Yarn preparation

             i.Winding                 iv. Drawing in and denting

            ii.Warping                  v. Leasing

           iii. Sizing                    vi. Tyeing in / Knotting

          (B) Weaving

          (C) Inspection

          (D) Folding

          (E) Transfer to DPF(Dyeing, Printing & Finishing)

64. The weave with long floats of threads produce loose structure and short floats produce firm structure (True/False).

Ans. True

65.    What are the types of fabric?

Ans. (i) woven fabric (ii) knit fabric (iii) Non woven fabric

66.    What is non woven fabric?

Ans. Sheets of fibers are held together by adhesives, stitching or needle punching to give a usable fabric.

67.    What do you mean warp & weft yarn?

Ans. Warp yarn = the lengthwise set of yarn

            Weft yarn =the widthwise set of yarn.

68.    Write down the classification of woven fabric with example.

Ans. (i) According to raw material e.g. cotton fabric, wool fabric, silk fabric

         (ii) According to processing e.g. solid dyed, yarn dyed

         (iii) According to their weaves or construction e.g. plain fabric, twill fabric, satin fabric

         (iv) According to their structures e.g. single cloth, double cloth, pile fabric

         (v) According to end uses e.g. Clothing, floor covering, furnishing

69.    In weaving process, which is first, sizing or winding?

Ans. Winding (winding → warping → sizing)

70.    Why yarn preparation is required for weaving?

Ans. (i) To wind the yarn uniformly on suitable package

         (ii) To have desired length of yarn on the package

         (iii) To improve weaving efficiency.

71.    What are the classifications of winding m/c?

Ans. (i) Pirn winding m/c

         (ii) Cop winding m/c

         (iii) Spool winding m/c

         (iv) Cheese winding m/c

         (v) Cone winding m/c

72.    What types of traversing method?

Ans. (i) Reciprocating

         (ii) Rotating

73.    Ribboning is a winding fault (yes / no)          Ans.  Yes

74.    Write down the types of yarn tensioner used in winding.

Ans. (a) Capstan Tensioner      

         (b) Additive Tensioner

         (c) Combined Tensioner

         (d) Gate Tensioner

         (e) Lever Tensioner or automatic control tensioner.

75.    Write down the types of guide.

Ans. (i) Type A → A yarn end is required for threading

         (ii) Type B→ A yarn end is not required for threading

76.    Some measurement:

77.    Find out the length of yarn on a cone of 2.5 lbs of 30/1 Ne yarn. 
Ans:

78.    Find out the weight of yarn on a cone of 9 counts of 10000m?
Ans:

79.    What are the types of warping?

Ans. Two types_     (i) Direct or high speed or beam warping

                             (ii) Sectional or pattern or drum warping

80.    What do mean by the given construction?
Ans:
 
81.    What is the other name of warp yarn?   Ans.   Ends

82.    What is sizing?

Ans. Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn breakage during weaving.

83.    What materials form the base of the size?

Ans. Starch or gum

84.    What are the types of loom?

Ans. (i) Hand loom & (ii) Power loom

85.     What are the types of power loom?

Ans. (i) Modern/shuttle less loom & (ii) conventional/shuttle loom.

86.    Write down the loom driving system?

Ans. (i) Hand driving (hand loom) & (ii) Electric motor driving (power loom)

87.    Write down/ what are the different types of shed?

Ans. (i) Bottom close shed

         (ii) Center close shed

         (iii) Semi-open shed

         (iv) Open shed

88.    What is shedding?

Ans. Shedding is the act of dividing the warp threads according to design into two parts, to allow the passage of shuttle/weft inserting element from one side of the loom to the other.

89.    Write down/what are the types of shedding mechanism?

Ans. (i) Paddle/treadle shedding (used in hand loom)

         (ii) Tappet shedding (used in power loom)

         (iii) Dobby shedding (used in power loom, at past used in hand loom)

         (iv) Jacquard shedding (both hand & power loom are used now)

         (v) Combined shedding

90.    Normally tapped shedding mechanism produces square design (e.g. 4x4, 6x6, 7x7, etc.) (Yes /no)

Ans. Yes.

91.    We can produce basic weave structures (i.e plain, twills satin) in tapped shedding (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

92.    Where open shed is used?

Ans. Tapped loom

93.    Where bottom & center close shed are used?

Ans. Hand jacquard looms to produce delicate fabrics.

94.    Where semi-open shed is used?

Ans. Double lift dobby & Jacquard.

95.    One shedding + one picking + one beating =?

Ans. One weaving cycle/ loom cycle/picks cycle

96.    One picking tapped insert one pick(True or False)?

Ans. True

97.    What is the result of unequal shedding?

Ans. Wrong design & stitching

98.    What are the maximum numbers of heald frame controlling capacity in tapped shedding mechanism?

Ans. 14

99.    Dobby shedding mechanism can produce both square and rectangular size design (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

100.  What types of design can be produced by Jacquard looms?

Ans. Any design

101.  What are the maximum numbers of warp threads controlling capacity in Jacquard loom?

Ans. 1800

102.  What is picking?

Ans. To propel the shuttle or any other weft inserting elements.

103.  Write down the faults of picking

Ans. (i) Early picking (ii) Late picking (iii) Smash or Bang-off

         (iv) Short picking (v) Harsh picking (vi) Shuttle flying out

104.  Some meaning

Ans. PPM = picks per minute

         PPI = picks per inch

         EPI = Ends per inch

         RS = Reed space

105.  Actual production of a m/c is always less than that calculated production (True/False)                Ans.   True

106.  What is the object of beat-up mechanism?

Ans. To push the newly inserted weft yarn (last pick) to the fell of the cloth.

107.  What is the function of take-up mechanism?

Ans. To wind the already woven fabric on the cloth roller with the progress of weaving.

108.  What is pick spacing?

Ans. The space occupied by a pick in fabric

109.  What is let-off mechanism?

Ans. To unwind the equivalent length of warp sheet from the warp beams with the progress of take-up during weaving.

110.  What are the basic weave structures?

Ans. (i) Plain (ii) Twill and (iii) Satin

111.  Write down/Classify the types of sett.

Ans. (i) Warp sett (No. of warp/inch)

         (ii) Weft sett (no. of weft/inch)

112.  What is weave?

Ans. Interlacement of the ends and picks with each other produces a coherent structure. The repeating pattern of interlacing is called the weave.

113.  What is warp & weft crimp?

Ans. The waviness of the yarns due to interlacing of warp and weft in producing fabric is called crimp.

114.  Define cover factor?
Ans:
 
115.  What is Cloth cover factor?
Ans:
 
116. What is the main feature of twill weave?

Ans. A twill weave is characterized by diagonal lines of warp & weft floats on the face of the fabric.

117. What are the derivatives of twill?

Ans. (i) zigzag / pointed / waved twill    (iv) combined twill

        (ii) Herring bone twill                    (v) Fancy twill

        (iii) Broken twill                            (vi) Continuous twill

118. Write down the classification of drafting?

Ans. (i) Straight draft                            (v) special draft

        (ii) Pointed draft                            (vi) skip draft

        (iii) Flat pointed draft                    (vii) mixed draft

        (iv) Broken draft

119. What is color & weave effect?

Ans. Simple weaves such as plain, twill and matt may be used in conjunction with two color warp and weft patterns to produce small geometrical designs in two colors that is called color & weave effect.

120. Where double cloth is used?

Ans. Decorative fabrics, such as sofa cover, furnishing cloth.

121. What is denim fabric?

        Ans. A strong warp faces cotton cloth used for overalls, jeans, skirts etc. largely made in 3/1 twill weave.

122. Some fabric detail.

        Ans. Jean = 2/1 twill cotton cloth made warp or weft face.

        Poplin = A plain woven warp rib fabric with fine warp and thick weft.

123. What is winding?

Ans. The transferring of yarn from one package to another is called winding.

124. Write down the classes of winding?

Ans. On the basis of package hardness/softness-

(a) Soft winding                 (b) Hard winding

On the basis of your coil on the package (traversing)

(a) Precision winding and

(b) Non-precision winding

125. What are the types of packages?

Ans. Fundamentally three different types of packages

(a) The parallel would package.

(b) The near-parallel wound packages and

(c) The cross wound packages.

126. What are the classes of winding m/c basis on package of yarn produced?

Ans. (a) Pirn winding m/c

(b) Cop winding m/c

(c) Spool winding m/c

(d) Cheese winding m/c

(e) Cone winding m/c

127. What are the ways in which a yarn package may be unwound?

Ans. There are two ways in which a yarn package may be unwound-

(a) Side withdrawal and                        (b) Over end withdrawal.

128. What are the faults of winding?

Ans. Faults-

(a) Too soft or hard package

(b) Improper knots.

(c) Dirty package

(d) Incorrect winding speed

(e) Unsatisfactory package shape.

(f) Ribboning

(g) Balloning

129. Mention the Auxiliary functions of winding machine?

Ans. The Auxiliary functions of a winding machine include-

(a) Creeling          (b) Piecing         (c) Doffing.

130. What is warping?

Ans. The parallel winding of a set of warp yarns from many yarn packages (cone/cheese) on a flanged bobbin (warping beam) at uniform spacing, tension and length is called warping.

131. How many types of warping?

Ans. There are mainly two types of warping-

(a) Direct or high speed or beam warping

(b) Sectional or pattern or drum warping.

132. Write the components of warping machine?

Ans. A warping machine consists of three main parts:

(a) Creel                 (b) Headstock                 (c) Control unit.

133. Mention different types of Gum/Starch?

 

134. Classify the sizing method?

Ans. On the basis of size % on the yarn-

- Light sizing- 10% - 15%

- Pure sizing - 16% - 25%

- Medium sizing - 26% - 50%

- Heavy sizing - 50% - 100%

On the basis of application process-

(a) Surface sizing

(b) Core sizing

(c) Optimal sizing

135. What are the reason of clothing?

Ans.

(a) Modesty

(b) Protection against adverse climate conditions

(c) Adornment

(d) Identification

(e) Aristocratic reason

136. What the breaks that used to stop the loom?

Ans.

(a) Mechanical

(b) Pneumatic (used air)

(c) Hydraulic (used liquid)

137. Some important terms -

* The ratio of RPM of crank shaft and bottom shaft is always 2:1

** RPM of crank shaft = PPM of the loom

138. Can we mount more than two shedding tappet in a loom?        Ans. No

139. What is dwell?

Ans. The stationary period of heald frames in open shed condition during which time, the shuttle travel from one side of the loom to the other side.

140. How many heald frames can be controlled by Dobby shedding mechanism?

Ans. Theoretically maximum 48 but practically 36 can be controlled. But for cotton yarn weaving 24 controlled.

141. Minimum how many heald frame is controlled by Dobby shedding?

Ans. Minimum 12.

142. Maximum how many heald frame is controlled by Jacquard shedding?

Ans. 1800

143. What are the primary motion?

Ans. The primary motion are as follows-

(a) Shedding

(b) Picking

(c) Beating

144. What are the secondary motion?

Ans. The secondary motion are as follows :

(a) Let off

(b) Take-up

145. What are the tertiary motion

Ans. The tertiary motion are as follows-

(a) Warp stop motion

(b) Weft stop motion

(c) Warp protector

(d) Weft protector

146. Formulate of efficiency of a loom?
Ans:

 
147. Formula of loom production?
Ans:

 
148. What is efficiency?

Ans. The weaving efficiency describes how effectively a set of looms work in normal working environment.

149. Winding Production formula.

 
150. Reeling production formula. 
Ans:
 
151. Some Necessary formula: