GK for Yarn manufacturing
1.What is the first process/
machine in yarn production?
Ans. Blow room....
2. What is the second process/
machine in yarn production?
3.
What process / machine is
used after carding?
Ans. Draw
frame.
4.
What process is used after
draw frame?
Ans. Simplex.
5.
What process is used after
simplex?
Ans. Ring
frame.
6.
Show the flow chart of carded yarn production.
Ans.
7. Show the flow chart of combed yarn production.
Ans.
8.
What is the production of
blow room?
Ans. Lap.
9.
What is the production of
carding machine?
Ans. Sliver.
10. What
is the production of draw frame?
Ans.
Sliver/Drawing sliver
11. What
is the production of simplex?
Ans. Roving.
12. What
is the production of ring frame?
Ans. Yarn.
13. 1
lb(pound) =?
Ans. 840 yds=1 Hank=0.4536 kg=453.6 gm=16
ounce(oz).
14. What
is the input of blow room?
Ans. Bale.
15. What
is the input of carding machine?
Ans. Lap/Now
chute feed system is being used.
16. What
is the input of combing?
Ans. Sliver lap
and number of doubling is usually 20-24.
17. What
is the input of simplex?
Ans. Drawn
sliver, Sliver hank 0.12/0.14/0.16,etc.
18. What
is the input of ring frame?
Ans. Roving/Roving hank may be 0.75/0.80,etc.
19. What
is fiber fineness?
Ans. Fineness
is one of the most important parameter determining the yarn quality (Fine or Coarse).
20. How
fineness is specified for cotton?
Ans. Fineness
is specified by micronaire value for cotton.
21. The
maturity of cotton is defined in terms of the development of cell wall
(Yes/no). Ans. Yes.
22. A
fully mature fibre has a well developed thick cell-wall (Yes/no).
Ans.
Yes.
23. An
immature fibre has a very thin cell-wall (Yes/no).
Ans. Yes.
24. In
mature fibre, dye absorption is high (yes/no)
Ans. Yes
25. In
immature fibre, dye absorption is low (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
26. What
is staple length?
Ans. The
average length of spinnable fibre is called staple length.
27. If
staple length is increase then yarn quality is also increase (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
28. Toughness
of fibre has a direct effect on yarn and fibre strength (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
29. If
fibre strength is higher, then yarn and fabric strength is also higher (yes/
no).
Ans. Yes
30. Short
fibres deteriorate the yarn strength and uniformity (true/false).
Ans. True.
31. What
is the minimum strength for a textile fibre?
Ans.
Approximately 6 CN/tex (about 6km breaking length)
32. What
do you know about Presley index =?
Ans. Breaking
load in Ibs/Bundle weight in mg.
33. What
is fibre elongation?
Ans. Elongation
is specified as a percentage of the starting length.
34. What
is bale management?
Ans. Testing,
sorting and mixing bales according to the properties of fibre for producing
specific good quality yarn at minimum cost is called bale management.
35. When
bale mixing is done?
Ans. Before the blow room/Before the bales going
into blow room.
36. What
are the basic operations in the blow room?
Ans.
I)
Opening
II)
Cleaning
III)
Mixing & blending
IV)
Even feed of material to the
card.
37. What
is carding?
Ans. Carding
may be defined as the reduction of an entangled mass of fibre to a filmy web by
working them between two closely spaced, relatively moving surface clothed with
sharp wire points.
38. Objective
of carding.
Ans.
- To open up
the cotton in to single fibre state.
- To reduce the
number of neps, short fibres.
- To produce a
thick untwisted rope of fibre called sliver.
39. Carding
is called the heart/mother of spinning (true/ false).
Ans. True.
40. What
are the main objectives of draw frame?
Ans.
-
Straightening & parallelization of fibres by drafting & drawing.
-
Minimization of irregularity by doubling.
- Blending & mixing of fibres.
-
To produce a more uniform sliver of definite wt/yds.
41. What
are the faults of blow room?
Ans.
1.
Soft lap,
2.
Conical lap,
3.
Barrel shaped,
4.
Split lap,
5.
Ragged selvedge,
6.
Lap licking.
42. Find
out the hank of the lap when the weight of the lap is 14 oz/yds.
Ans.
14 oz contains = 1 yds,
1 oz contains = 1/14 yds,
16 oz or 1 lb contains = 16/14 yds
=16/14×840
hank=0.00136 hank
So hank of lap =
0.00136.
43. Find
out the wt/yds of the lap when hank of the lap is 0.0014?
Ans.
Weight of 0.0014×840
yds = 1 lbs or 16 oz
1.176 yds = 16 oz
1 yds = 16/
1.176 oz = 13.6 oz
So weight of lap = 13. 6
oz/yds
44. For
cotton, higher the count, finer the yarn (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
45. For
jute, lower the count, finer the yarn (yes/ no).
Ans. Yes.
46. What
is the name of combing waste?
Ans. Noils.
47. What
is the meaning of TPI?
Ans. Turns per
Inch/Twist per inch
48. What
is the ring frame wastage?
Ans. Pnewmafil,
banda, sweep, hard waste.
49. What
is roving?
Ans. A roving
is a continuous slightly twisted strand of fibres which has not received its
final drawing for yarn. Roving hank=0.70 to 0.85, TPI=about 1.15
50. What
are the faults of yarn?
Ans.
(i)
Irregular yarn
(ii)
Thick & thin places
(iii)
Slubs
(iv)
Nepped yarn
(v)
Spinners double
(vi)
Crackers
(vii)
Bad piecing
(viii)
Hairiness
(ix)
Soft yarn
(x)
Hard & non elastic yarn
(xi)
Rough yarn
51. Over
twisted yarn become poor in strength (yes/ no). Ans.Yes
52. What
is stress?
Ans. Stress is
the ratio between the applied force and cross sectional area of the specimen,
Stress
= applied force/ cross sectional area = F/A.
Unit
of stress is N/m2, dyne/cm2, which is also called Pascal
(Pa).
53. What
is tenacity?
Ans. The
tenacity of a fibre is the mass stress at break.
Unit
– gm/tex,
Tenacity
= breaking load / mass stress or linear density,
Linear
density = mass/unit length.
54. What
is tensile strength?
Ans. Tensile
strength = force required to break the specimen/ cross sectional area
55. What
is yield point?
Ans. The point
up to which, a material contains its elasticity is called yield point.
56. What
are the basic textile materials?
Ans.
57. More fibre drawing produces more short fibre & resulted weak yarn (yes/no).
57. More fibre drawing produces more short fibre & resulted weak yarn (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
58. What
is twist?
Ans. Twist is
the spirality of bundle of fibres/ filaments.
59. Write
down the types of yarn twist.
Ans.
i.
“z” or clock wise &
ii.
“S” or anti clock wise twist.
60. Twist
increases the strength of yarn (true/ false). Ans. True
61. Write
down the moisture regain of cotton fibre?
Ans.
8.5%
62. What
is IPI?
Ans. It
indicates yarns thick places, thin places and slubs.
63. What
is count?
Ans. Count is a
numerical expression which expresses /indicates coarseness or fineness of yarn.
Or, count is a number indicating the mass per unit length or the length per
unit mass of yarn.
64. Different
types of measurement.
Ans.
1 yard = 0.9144 m
1
m =1.0936 yards=7000 grain
1kg
= 2.204 lbs,
1lbs(pound)
= 453 .6gm = 7000 grains
1gm
=15.43 grains
16
oz = 1 lb(pound)
36
inch = 1 yard
2.54
cm = 1 inch
1
Hank=840 yards=1 pound
65. What
is yarn twist?
Ans. The spiral
disposition of the components of thread which is usually the result of relative
rotation of the two ends is called yarn twist.
66. Rotor
yarn is “s” twisted (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
67. Ring
process yarn is “z” twisted (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
68. What
is strain?
Ans. Strain =
elongation / initial length
69. What
is the unit of Strain?
Ans.
No unit.
70. What
is the meaning of CSP?
Ans. Count
Strength Product
CSP= Count × Strength
CSP= Count × Strength
71. If
yarn is regular then CSP is higher (yes/no).
Ans. Yes
72. Different
relations.
Ans.
i) Denier = 9 × Tex
ii) Ne × Denier = 5315
iii)Tex × Ne = 590.6
iv) Tex × Metric = 1000
v) Denier × Metric = 9000
i) Denier = 9 × Tex
ii) Ne × Denier = 5315
iii)Tex × Ne = 590.6
iv) Tex × Metric = 1000
v) Denier × Metric = 9000
73. what are
the unusable waste in spinning mill?
Ans: (a)dropping-II,(b)flat
strips of coarse count,(c)Floor sweeping-II,(d)dust etc.
74. HVI(high
volume instrument) is a very important m/c of Q.C lab in spinning mill.(yes/no)
Ans. Yes
75. what tests
are done by HVI m/c?
Ans.
(a)fineness,(b)trash,(c)length,(d)strength,(e)Color.
76. How can you
determine yarn count in English system?
Ans. Count (Ne)
=length(yds)/length × weight unit/weight in gm
= (120yds/840yds)
× (1lbs or 453.6gm/weight in gm)
=64.8/Weight in gm
77.write down
the name of count of direct system?
Ans. Txe,K
tex,D tex,Mili tex,Denier,lb/spyndle, Woolen.
78.write down
the name of count of indirect system and with details?
Ans.
Count unit lengt unit mass uses
a. English
(Ne) 840yds(hank) lb cotton
b.Metric
(Nm) Km(hank) Kg cotton
c.Worsted 560yds (hank) lb worsted
79. what do you
mean by one lea?
Ans. one
lea=120 yds.
80. what do you
mean by WIRA?
Ans. Wool
international research association.
81.write down
the full meaning of some institution?
Ans. (a)BSTI = Bangladesh
standard and testing institution.
(b) ISO =
international organization for standardization.
(c) BS =
British standard
(d) AQL = Acceptable
quality level.
(e) BCIRA =
British cotton industries research association.
(f) ITET=
institute of textile engineers and technologist.
(g)AAMA=American
apparel manufacturer association.
(h)AAQC=American
association of quality control.
82. what is the
meaning of MIC?
Ans. Microgram
per inch.
83. In direct
system which one is fixed (mass/length)?
Ans. Mass
84. In indirect
system which one is fixed (mass/length)?
Ans. Length
85. English
count is denoted by Ne (yas/no)?
Ans. Yes.
86. Metric
count is denoted by Nm(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
87. Sliver and
roving count is expressed by hank(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
88. In spinning
mill, up to roving the count value is expressed by hank then count (true/false)?
Ans. True
89. the shape
of yarn become round due to twist (yas/no)?
Ans. Yas
90. Name the
types of fiber?
Ans.normal
fiber, thin walled fiber, Dead fibers .
91. How can you
express fiber fineness?
Ans. Weight per
unit length.
92. beater are
responsible for removing almost all of the impurity extructed in the blow room
(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
93. Name the
last m/c of blow room?
Ans. Scutcher
94. what is the
meaning of CV%?
Ans.
Coefficient of variation percentage.
95. Where
sliver is collected and which form?
Ans. In can and
coiler form.
96. in ring
frame where yarn is collected?
Ans. Bobbin
97. Name the
modern cone winding machine?
Ans. Auto-coner
machine/Savio orion
98. cotton
fiber is dissolved with 70% H2SO4 (yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
99.All yarn of
ring processing is Z-twist and rotor yarn is S-twist.(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
100. where
flyer is used in a spinning mill?
Ans. Simplex
m/c.
101. what is
spinning?
Ans. The
process by which yarn is made from fiber.
102. what is
the raw material in spinning?
Ans. Fiber
103. what is
michonair value?
Ans. Micro gram
per inch.
104. Write down
the classification of fiber?
Ans. (i)
natural, (II) Man made fiber.
105.
Different between cotton and viscose?
Ans. Cotton =
Natural fiber, strength increase in wet condition.
Viscose = Man made fiber, strength decrease
in we condition.
106. What is
the meaning of AFIS?
Ans. Advanced
fiber information system.
107. what is
the ratio between length and width of fiber?
Ans. 1000:1
108. Twist and
twist direction of yarn affects the fabric structure(True/false)?
Ans. True
109. what is UR?
Ans. UR = uniformity
ratio =(50% Spun length/2.5% span length)×100
110. write down
the system of yarn count measurement?
Ans. (I) Direct
system: Tex,Denier.
(II)Indirect system: English, matric.
111. when
fiber consider short?
Ans. Length
shorter than 0.5 inch or 12.8mm.
112. Why yarn
preparation is needed?
Ans. To
increase weaving efficiency.
113. what is
drafting?
Ans. The
process of increasing the length per unit weight of slivers.
114. what is
drawing?
Ans. It is the
regular and uniform elongation of the sliver to make it light.
115. what is
doubling?
Ans. The
process of combining several sliver info one.
116. which one
is best ,combed yarn or carded yarn?
Ans. Combed
yarn.
117. Roving is wind
into the bobbin(yes/no) ?
Ans. Yes.
118. write down
the other name of simplex?
Ans. (I)speed
frame,(II)Fly frame,(III)Roving frame.
119.some
meaning-
Ans. DCP=Draft
change pinion
LCP= Lifter
change pinion
PW = poker
wheel
TCP = Twist
change pinion
120. write down
the causes of roving breakage?
Ans. (I)Tension
variation, (II) irregular roving.
121. write down
the three types of flyer?
Ans.(I) Spindle
mounted flyer,(II) top mounted flyer,(III) closed mounted flyer.
122. what is
the backbone of the world textile trade?
Ans. Cotton.
123. silk fiber
readily absorbs water (yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
124. jute plant
have high CO2 assimilation rate (yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
125. what is the
output of comber machine?
Ans. Combed sliver.
126. what is
the output of the ring frame?
Ans. Yarn in
bobbin form.
127. what is
the first operation in blow room?
Ans. Opening
128. what is
yarn?
Ans. It is an
assemblage of fibers twisted or laid together to form continuous strand
suitable for use In weaving, knitting etc.
129. Manmade
fiber are hydrophobic in nature(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes.
130. finer
fiber produce stronger yarn(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
131. write down
the forms of manmade fiber?
Ans. (I)
Filament, (II)filament tow , (III)staple.
132. what is
the manmade cellulose fiber?
Ans. Viscose.
133. write some
name of natural cellulose fiber?
Ans. Cotton,
flax, jute, hemp.
134. what is
bi-component fiber?
Ans. Bi-component
fibers are synthetic fibers which fibers filament contains two types of
polymer.
135. what is
bi- component yarn?
Ans. A yarn having
two different staple fiber.
136. If H-bond
present in fiber then fiber gets more strength(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes.
137. what is
the length width ratio of cotton?
Ans. 1:350 to
1:6000
138. In
staple/spun yarn twist is must(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
139. Cotton is dissolved
into 70% H2SO4(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
140. Viscose is
dissolved into 35% H2SO4(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
141. Nylon is
dissolved into 20% HCL/phenol(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
142. Polyester
is dissolved into 100% nitro benzene at 100 ℃(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes.
143. Burning
smell of cotton is like as burning paper(yes/no)? Ans. Yes.
144. What is
lint and linters?
Ans. Then
cotton which are get after first time ginning to seeds cotton is called lint
and for second time ginning of cotton is called linters.
Ans. The section or line where the compressed bale
are converted into uniform lap of particular length or made suitable for
carding by opening, blending or mixing.
146. What is
MR% of jute?
Ans. 13.75
147. What is
MR% of viscose and silk?
Ans. 11.0
148. What is MC
% of cotton?
Ans. 7.834
149. What is
MR% of wool?
Ans. 16.0
150. What is
MR% of nylon?
Ans. 4.0
151. What is
MR% of polyester?
Ans. 0.4
152. What are
the long staple fiber?
Ans. Jute,
wool, flax, hemp.
153. How fiber
is form?
Ans.
Elements
↓
Monomer/molecules/macromolecules
↓
Polymer
chain
↓
Fibrils/micels
↓
Fiber
154. What are
the requirement of fabric construction?
Ans.
(I)EPI,(II)PPI,(III)warp count, (IV)weft count.
155. What are
the factors that determine the yarn properties?
Ans. Fiber
properties, fiber arrangement, twist per inch.
156. What is
core spun yarn?
Ans. It is a
continuous filament polyester core wrapped in cotton fiber.
157. Write down
the main part of carding machine?
Ans.(I)Doffer,(II)cylinder,(III)taker-in.
158. What is swelling?
Ans. The change
in dimension due to absorbing water or moisture of any textile material is
termed as swelling.
Swelling=(Swollen dimension-Dry
dimension)/Dry dimension
159. Write down
the formula of production in Lbs per hour of combing m/c?
Ans.
160. write down the formula of production per hr of blow room in lbs?
Ans.
161. write down the formula of production per hr of speed frame/simplex in lbs?
161. write down the formula of production per hr of speed frame/simplex in lbs?
Ans.
162. which
countries cotton is the best cotton in the world?
Ans. Mishor.
163. what is
the botanical name of cotton?
Ans. Goosypium
Herbacum, Goosypium Hirsutum.
164. what is
ginning?
Ans. The
procedure by which seeds and cottons are separated from seeds cotton is called
Ginning.
165. How much
trash% in cotton?
Ans. Generally
1% to 10%.
166. what is
blow room waste?
Ans. Dropping-II,Dust,filter
waste.
167. What is
carding waste?
Ans. Dropping-I,
Tacker in waste,Flat strip, motes & flies, sliver waste
168. what is
draw frame waste?
Ans. Sliver wastage.
169. what is
the simplex wastage?
Ans. Sliver
wastage, roving wastage.
170. what is
the ring frame wastage?
Ans. Pneumafil,
hard waste, bonda waste, etc.
171. what is the comber wastage and waste %?
Ans. Noils,(12-18)%.
172. what is
cleaning efficiency in blow room?
Ans. CE% =(
trash cotton - trash in lap/trash in
cotton )× 100
173. Step
cleaner m/c is placed at 45 degree angle (yes/no)/
Ans. Yes.
174. production
of carding m/c?
Ans. Production
= (Doffer speed × Doffer dia × ∏)/36 (yds/min)
175. Count of
direct system?
Ans.
176.Count of
indirect system?
Ans.
Count unit
length unit mass
English(Ne) 840yds(hank) lb
Metric(Nm) Km(hank) kg
Worsted 560yds lb
177. what is
model length?
Ans. It is the
length of group of fibers where the most number of fibers have equal length.
178. What is
spun length?
Ans. It is the term
by which we can determined the % of fiber length in case of cotton, wool etc.
179. What is
staple length?
Ans. The
average length of spinable fiber is called staple length.
** staple
length = 0.91 × effective length(U.S.A upland cotton)
180. what is
effective length?
Ans. It is the
term defined as the length of the main bulk of the longer fiber.
181. How the
amount of twist is expressed?
Ans. Twist per
inch(TPI) = yarn
Twist per meter
(TPM) = roving
Twist per
centimeter (TPCM)
182. what is
mass stress?
Ans. Mass
stress = Applied forse/linear density
Unit = CN/tex ,
gm/tex
183. what is
elastic recovery?
Ans. Elastic
recovery = Elastic extension/total extension.
184. what is
the modern testing equipment for spinning mill?
Ans.(I)HVI(High
volume instrument)
(II)AFIS(Advance
fiber information system)
(III)Shirley analyzer
= trash%
(IV)Moisture
meter = MC%
(V)Moisture
testing oven = MR%
185. If MIC
value is increased what should be the fineness?
Ans. Fineness
should be decreased.
186. what is
pitch?
Ans. The
distance between adjustment spindles.
187. What is
the maximum count to be produce in rotor m/c and ring m/c in spinning?
Ans. Rotor m/c = not possible to produce more
than 40s count.
Ring m/c = it
is possible to produce about 300s count.
188. what is
the feed material in ring and rotor m/c?
Ans. Ring m/c = roving
Rotor m/c =
drawing sliver.
189.what is
tex?
Ans. Count is
the tex system in the weight in grams of 1000m or 1km of yarn.
190. How many
types of draw frame ?
Ans. (I)Breaker
draw frame, (II)finisher draw frame.
191. what is the
output of winding?
Ans. Yarn in
cone form.
192. Natural
fibres are hydrophilic in nature? (Yes/No)
Ans. Yes.
193.What is the
types of waste in a spinning mill?
Ans: (i)
useable waste (ii) unusable waste.
194. the flyer
is the essential part of speed frame(yes/no)?
Ans. Yes
195.What
is neps?
Ans.
Entanglement protruding fibres or entangled mass of fibres.
196.
Write down the some name of yarn testing machine.
Ans.
I)
Uster evenness tester
II) Uster classimat
III) Uster auto sorter.
II) Uster classimat
III) Uster auto sorter.
197. what is
the useable waste in spinning mill?
Ans: (a)lap waste,(b) sliver waste,(c)roving
waste,(d)bonda waste,(e) pneumafil waste .
198. What is
fiber migration?
Ans. It means
fiber distribution into the yarn.
199. Number of
fibres in the yarn cross-section?
Ans. 60-70
200. What is
the standard staple length of cotton fibre?
Ans. Generally
0.5 inch to 2.5 inch.
201. Write some
yarn faults which are generally shown?
Ans. (I)Thick
place, (II) Thin place, (III) Neps, (IV) slub, (V) Hairiness.
202. How many
class or division of yarn preparation?
Ans. (I) Warp
yarn preparation, (II) Weft yarn preparation.
203. What are
the classes of winding machine for package of yarn?
Ans. (I) pirn
winding m/c, (II) cop winding m/c, (III) spol winding m/c, (IV) Cheese winding
m/c, (V) cone winding m/c.
204. What are
the action of blow room?
Ans. (I) Action
of opposing spikes
(II)
Action of air current
(III)
Action of beaters, (IV) Regulating action
205. What is
crimp?
Ans. The wavy
shape of thread/yarn is called crimp.
206. How to
produce bale?
Ans.
Seed
cotton
↓
Picking
↓———————І———————↓
Manual Mechanical
І————————↓——————І
Ginning
↓
Bale
207. Standard
MR% &MC% of different fibre.
Ans.
Fibre MR% MC%
Cotton 8.5 7.834
Jute 13.75 12.1
Viscose 11.0 9.91
Nylon 4.0 3.1
Polyester 0.4 ×
Acetate 6.0 ×
Acrylic 1.5 ×
Flax & Hamp 12.4 10.4
Silk 11.0 9.91
Wool 16.0 13.8
208. Comber Production (Kg/hr)
=
S= mm per nip
LD= Lap density
Np= Noil%
Nh= No. of head
E= Efficiency
Td= Tension draft
209. Simplex
Production/hr
210. Ring Production/day
211. Total Draft =?
Total draft = BD×MD×FD
BD=Back draft
MD=Middle
draft
FD=Front
draft
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